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• About us
  • Our mission
  • Our members
  • Committees
  • Network & alliances
  • News & debates
    • Debates
      • Clean Diesel - a technology that delivers what drivers want and what legislators demand
      • First PGM Life Cycle Assessment Completed
      • PGMs and Critical Raw Materials
      • Substitution, Reduction, Recycling
    • Statements
      • IPA Position on Clean Diesel Vehicles and Air Quality
      • IPA on Diesel Exhaust Emissions
      • OEL for Chloroplatinates
      • The Impact of PGM Mining on Communities
      • Platinum Group Metals essential for clean energy transition – the hydrogen case
    • Events
      • European Parliament Exhibition on Critical Raw Materials
      • IPA turns 30 years
      • Sustainability Roundtable
    • IPA Comic: Platino & Gang
• Facts about PGMs
  • The six metals
    • Platinum
    • Palladium
    • Rhodium
    • Iridium
    • Ruthenium
    • Osmium
  • Mining & fabrication
    • Primary Production (Mining)
    • Secondary Production & Recycling (Fabrication)
  • PGM fact sheets
  • Information & data on PGMs
  • New Fact Sheet: Socio-Economic Development in the PGM Industry
• PGMs in use
  • Automotive
    • Catalytic Converters
      • What is an autocatalyst?
      • By how much do they reduce pollution?
      • Additional benefits of catalytic converters
      • Background
    • Fuel Cells and Hydrogen
    • Petroleum Refining
    • Other Transportation Uses
  • Industrial
    • Alloys & Industrial Crucibles
    • Nitric Acid & Other Chemical Catalysts
    • Other Industrial Applications
  • Environmental
    • Cutting Greenhouse Gases
    • Other Uses
  • Medical
    • Implants & Tools
    • Medical Treatments
    • Dental
  • Electronics
    • Ceramic Capacitors
    • Computer Hard Disks
    • Electrodes and Other Electronics
  • Jewellery
  • Everyday products
• ESG & Sustainability
  • Sustainability principles
  • PGMs & recycling
  • Industry spend on SDGs
  • Life Cycle Assessment
  • Best practices
  • LCA data questionnaire
  • Thank you for supporting our LCA Questionnaire
  • PGMs in the life cycle
  • Responsible mining and sourcing
• Environment, health & safety
  • Working safely with PGMs
    • Workplace Guidance Document
    • Epidemiology of Platinum Salt Sensitivity (PSS)
    • Industrial hygiene measurements of airborne platinum
      • Sampling and Analytical Method Performance for Platinum Monitoring in an Occupational Hygiene Context
    • Medical surveillance of workers exposed to chloroplatinates
      • Skin Prick Test
    • Screening tests for chemical sensitization potential
  • PGMs in the environment
    • Chloroplatinate Method Development and Quantification of Chloroplatinates in New and Used Catalyst Materials and Urban Atmospheric Aerosols
    • Speciation of Platinum in Vehicle Exhaust Catalysts
    • European Aerosol Sampling Program
  • Acronyms
  • COVID-19 and the PGM industry
• Policies & regulations
  • Conflict Minerals
    • U.S. Conflict Minerals Rule
    • EU Conflict Minerals Rule
  • Emissions Control
    • IPA Demo Projects Partnerships
      • Ultra-low NOx emissions diesel demonstrator car
      • Heavy-duty demo vehicle
    • Emissions Control Standards
    • Reductions of CO₂ Emissions
  • WEEE Directive
    • WEEE - History
  • REACH
    • REACH and PGMs
    • Background
    • Process
    • Timeline
    • PM Consortium
    • SIEFs
    • Classification, Labelling & Packaging
  • The EU's Raw Materials Initiative